An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is an organization that provide services for accessing internet. It also provide, internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, usenet service and colocation.


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 There are three phase in ISP
  • Tier 1 ISP :- Tier 1 ISP is an internal provider who exchange internet traffic with tier 1 provider. These ISP exchange traffic strictly through peering agrement without having to pay any fee to anyone. It is backbone of Internet. Tier 1 network is a network that can reach every other network on the internet, in other word they are directly connected to server. They do cabling underwater (called submarine-cable) between countries.
    Submarine Cable
    It help to transmit data over the country level. In India there is only one company called TATA Telecom, who do cabling.
  • Tier 2 ISP :-  A tier 2 ISP is a service provider who connect between tier 1 and tier 3 internet service provider. Tier 2 provider will exchange internet traffic through peering agrement, as well as purchase internet transit.
    Network System
    Tier 2 is over the state level and transmit data from tier one to required states. Tier 2 companies are airtel, jio, bsnl, etc.
  • Tier 3 ISP :-  A tier 3 is a provider who strictly purchase internet transit. A tier 3 provider is the last mile provider, who delivers internet access to residential home and businesses ex- our local service provider like airtel ,jio, Vodafone, idea, etc.