It is a part of Reconnaissance (information gathering) also called google directives. Directives are keywords that enable us to more accurately extract information from the google index.
Consider the following example: assume we are looking for computerweb.ooo in a google search box. This search will yeild a fair number of hits. However only one or two are from computerweb.ooo website. But by utilizing google directives, we can force the google index to show the appropriate result. In this example we use "inurl" directives for appropriations.




To properly use a Google directives,you need three things;
  1. The name of the directive you wants to use
  2. A colon
  3. The term you want to use in the directive
Note: There should be no space between directives, colon, and domain.

To accomplish this we have to search "inurl:computerweb.ooo" in the Google search bar.

Another Google directive is "intitle:" or "allintitle" . "allintitle" will return the website which contains all the terms we use in directives in the web page title. And "intitle" will return any page whose title contain at least one of the term you entered.

"allintitle:computer network"
"intitle:mac address"

We can utilize "filetype:" for specific type of file extansion on your target website.
"filetype:pdf"
We can also link to specific files like .doc, ppt, txt, and many more.

If we want to access a web page or file that have been removed from the original website, we can use "cache:" directive.

We can also combine multiple of directive like "inurl:computerweb.ooo intitle:computer network"
Combinations of Directives