An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the internet protocol for communication. An IP address provides an identity to a networked device. Similar to a home or business address supplying that specific physical location with an identifiable address, devices on a network are differentiated from one another through IP addresses. If I'm going to send a package to my friend in another country, I have to know the exact destination. It's not enough to just put a package with his name on it through the mail and expect it to reach him. I must instead attach a specific address to it, which you could do by looking it up in a phone book. This same general process is used when sending data over the internet. However, instead of using a phone book to look up someone's name to find their physical address, your computer uses DNS servers to look up a hostname to find its IP address.




There are private IP addresses, public IP addresses, static IP addresses, and dynamic IP addresses.

Private IP addresses are used "inside" a network, like the one you probably run at home. This is over the Local Area Networks. These types of IP addresses are used to provide a way for your devices to communicate with your router and all the other devices in your private network. Private IP addresses can be set manually or assigned automatically by your router.
Public IP addresses are used on the outside of your network and are assigned by your ISP. It's the main address that your home or business network uses to communicate with the rest of the networked devices around the world (i.e. the internet). It provides a way for the devices in your home, for example, to reach your ISP, and therefore the outside world, allowing them to do things like access websites and communicate directly with other people's computers. To access the Internet our public IP address are used and the transformation of private IP address into public is done by Network Address Translation (NAT). 



An IP address that is assigned by a DHCP server is a dynamic IP address. If a device does not have DHCP enabled or does not support it then the IP address must be assigned manually, in which case the IP address is called a static IP address 
There are many ways to find the public IP address, you can directly type "What is my IP" on  the google or there are many sites through which you can gets lots of information like "WhatIsMyIPaddress.com". And for the private IP address you have to command "ifconfig/all" in the command prompt.